Comorbidity

Comorbidity, two or more diseases present at the same time in one individual, is common for people suffering from depression.  The symptoms of depression may make it more difficult to care for the needs of another disease.  Once depression is treated, it is often easier to treat another medical disorder.

Addiction

Depression and its symptoms are difficult when faced on their own, but when coupled with addiction, the battle is multiplied. In an attempt to numb the pain or feel better, individuals may turn to using alcohol or other drugs to self-medicate. However, substance use and abuse can actually trigger depression symptoms, and each condition can worsen the other. Suicide or self-harm is a concern for people with depression, but when using alcohol or other drugs, the risk increases greatly. When substances are used regularly, a person can develop an addiction.

The following indicators are warning signs for addiction:

  • Developing a tolerance to a substance, increasing the body’s need for more to obtain the same effect.
  • Experiencing withdrawal symptoms after using a substance such as nausea, agitation/nervousness, and cold sweats.
  • Having remorse after using a substance.
  • Relapse

The important thing to remember is that recovery is possible. Counseling, prescription medications, peer support and relapse prevention all contribute to a person’s chances for long-term success. Treatment for both is essential and will help maintain an individual’s motivation and strength to overcome challenges that may arise both short and long term.

Helpful Resources

Anxiety

It is very common for individuals diagnosed with depression to also suffer or be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Anxiety can be a symptom of depression, and depression may be triggered by an anxiety disorder. It can often be challenging to differentiate between the two, as they both share some common symptoms. An individual who is depressed or anxious may experience nervousness, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and disruptions to their normal eating or sleeping patterns.

An individual with anxiety may experience the following common symptoms:

  • Excessive, irrational, or uncontrollable feelings of worry and dread
  • Sensations of panic and uneasiness for no apparent reason
  • Obsessive thoughts
  • Ritualistic behavior
  • Trouble sleeping
  • Heart palpitations
  • Muscle tension
  • Inability to remain calm
  • Nausea
  • Headaches
  • Fatigue
  • Trouble concentrating
  • Rapid breathing, or hyperventilation
  • Sweating
  • Dry mouth
  • Dizziness
  • Cold or sweaty hands and feet
  • Trembling or shaking
  • Stomachache

There are many types of anxiety disorders including Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Phobias, Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Separation Anxiety, Social Anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

If you are experiencing any of the above symptoms, as well as any symptoms of depression, please contact and speak to your physician. Getting a proper diagnosis will ensure you receive the appropriate treatment and help. A combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medications has been found to be the most effective in relieving symptoms, along with lifestyle changes to help lower stress levels and enhance personal well-being. Eating healthy, getting an adequate amount of sleep, meditating, exercising on a regular basis, and having trusting and supportive relationships can all be beneficial and support your wellness. It is best to avoid alcohol and other drugs as these can worsen a person’s condition. To learn more about management techniques, click here.

Helpful Resources

*Symptoms listed were obtained from www.anxiety.org.

Cancer

When individuals face cancer, it can evoke a multitude of emotions, including feelings of fear, anger, and sadness. These feelings are normal and to be expected. It becomes a concern when these feelings last nearly every day for two weeks or more or if they interfere with daily functioning, relationships, or work. This can be a sign of depression. Depression is serious, and it is very important to communicate any concerns with your physician. Sharing your symptoms, feelings, or what you are experiencing, as well as how often, will help your doctor accurately diagnose and place you on the best course of treatment. Depression can make it very difficult for a person to stay on course with their cancer treatment, so it is essential to get appropriate care.

According to the National Cancer Institute, about 1/4 of cancer patients become depressed. Many symptoms of cancer may mask what may be signs of depression. Some of these include changes in sleep or eating patterns, fatigue, and forgetfulness (American Cancer Society).

A person may experience the following that can cause extreme stress and place a person at higher risk for developing depression.

  • fear of death
  • changes in life plans
  • changes in body image and self-esteem
  • day to day living
  • financial and legal concerns

There are also known risk factors for depression related to cancer:

  • learning you have cancer when already depressed for other reasons
  • cancer pain that is not well controlled
  • advanced cancer
  • physically weakened by cancer
  • being unmarried (certain types of cancer)
  • having pancreatic cancer
  • certain medications
    • Corticosteroids
    • Procarbazine
    • L-asparaginase
    • Interferon alfa
    • Interleukin-2
    • Amphotericin B

It is important to remember that no one needs to go through this alone, and help is available. Treatment for depression usually includes medication, counseling, or both. Therapy groups for cancer patients may also be helpful and provide additional support from others who may share similar experiences. Exercise, eating healthy, getting adequate sleep, and staying involved in enjoyable activities can also be very beneficial for both physical and psychological wellness. Talking to trusted friends and family members and informing or involving them in your treatment plan can give you much-needed love, care, and support. For additional information on depression management, click here.

Helpful Resources:

Information provided by the National Cancer Institute at http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings/depression-pdq.

Online Support Groups:

Breast Cancer

Being overwhelmed, worried, and/or feeling sad are all normal feelings to experience upon receiving a breast cancer diagnosis. If you begin to struggle daily, if emotions are feeling out of control and last for two weeks or more, it is time to talk to a healthcare professional. It may be depression. Depression not only affects your mental health and well-being but can create great difficulty in following cancer treatment care already in place. Talking with your doctor and sharing your feelings and symptoms will ensure you receive the proper diagnosis and care that you need.

There are specific factors related to breast cancer treatment to be aware of that can impact how an individual may feel. These include hormonal changes, aging, and medications. Additionally, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and ovarian shutdown may contribute to depression.

Depression treatment often includes talk therapy, medications, or both. Taking care of yourself during this time is important, and there are several ways to help. Talking to trusted family and friends, eating healthy, getting regular exercise, and joining a support group where you may share similar experiences with others can be beneficial. To learn more about depression management, click here.

 

Helpful Resources

  • breastcancer.org is a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing the most reliable, complete, and up-to-date information about breast cancer. This site also offers many discussion groups for questions and connecting with others who may be having similar experiences.
  • Susan G. Komen For information, assistance, and emotional support. Support is also available by calling the Komen Breast Care Helpline at 1-877 GO KOMEN (1-877-465-6636).
  • Bright Pink National non-profit organization focused on prevention and early detection of breast and ovarian cancer in young women.
  • Avon Foundation for Women Avon Breast Cancer Crusade has been working tirelessly to help prevent, treat, and ultimately eradicate this disease.

Dementia (Major Neurocognitive Disorder)

Depression is a common but often underrecognized symptom in individuals with major neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Symptoms of depression in this population may present differently than in those without cognitive impairment, often manifesting as apathy, social withdrawal, irritability, or a decline in motivation rather than overt sadness or verbal expressions of hopelessness. Additionally, individuals with NCDs may struggle to articulate their emotional distress due to cognitive deficits, making it challenging to identify depressive symptoms through self-report. 

In major NCDs, depression can exacerbate cognitive decline, impair daily functioning, and reduce overall quality of life. It may lead to increased agitation, sleep disturbances, and appetite changes, further complicating care. Distinguishing depression from the cognitive symptoms of neurocognitive disorders is essential, as both conditions can involve slowed thinking, concentration difficulties, and fatigue. However, in depression, cognitive impairments often improve with mood treatment, whereas in NCDs, they tend to be progressive.

Effective management of depression in major NCDs includes a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used due to their relatively favorable side effect profile, though careful monitoring is necessary. Non-pharmacological approaches such as structured routines, behavioral activation, social engagement, and reminiscence therapy can also help alleviate depressive symptoms.

Depression may impact a person with Alzheimer’s differently. According to the Mayo Clinic, a person with Alzheimer’s:

  • May have symptoms of depression that are less severe
  • May experience episodes of depression that don’t last as long or come back as frequently
  • Seem less likely to talk of suicide and attempt suicide less often

It is important to understand that depression can greatly decrease a person’s quality of life. Proper medical treatment, counseling during the early stages of diagnosis, attending social groups, and exercise can all help a person who may be suffering. If a depression diagnosis is made prior to the onset of dementia, treatment may benefit a person’s cognitive abilities as they age.

Family members may also wish to seek support while caring for a loved one with dementia. It can be emotionally and physically exhausting, so it is important to take time to care for yourself too.

Helpful Resources

Heart Disease

Depression can be linked with other medical conditions, including heart disease. Although the two often co-occur, it cannot be determined if one causes the other. What has been noted is that individuals who suffer from depression may develop heart disease at a higher rate than the general population. Additionally, patients who have experienced a heart attack and have had no previous symptoms of depression may become depressed. 

There are many concerns when a patient is suffering from depressive symptoms after a heart attack or being diagnosed with heart disease. First, shared symptoms such as low energy, fatigue, and sleep disturbances can often make it difficult to diagnose. It can be challenging for an individual to follow their medication plan or other courses of treatment, thus reducing a person’s overall mental and physical health.

A person may experience a number of things after having a heart attack that can impact their psychological state. Individuals may feel uncertain about their future. Feelings of guilt over previous or continual unhealthy habits and/or embarrassment over diminished physical ability may lead to self-doubt, feelings of worthlessness, and lack of confidence.

If you are concerned you may be depressed, talk to your physician. Proper treatment of depression is essential and can help facilitate lifestyle changes such as healthy eating, exercising, eliminating alcohol, tobacco or other drugs and reduce the risk of future heart problems. It’s also so important to reach out for support. Talk to trusted family members or friends about your concerns. Recovery programs are also available to help individuals return to normal activity levels, which can boost confidence and improve mood.

Helpful Resources: